Professional photographer, was in partnership with Christian Ludwig Qwist on the Victorian goldfields at Commissioners' Flat, Sandhurst (Bendigo), in 1854.
Painter who specialised in portraiture, banner and ornamental and heraldic painting. Studied under celebrated French artists including Theodore Roussel.
Botanist and botanical illustrator who collected some 20,000 specimens and wrote a series of popular botanical books, including 'Wild Flowers of Western Australia'.